Risus sardonicus (sometimes called sardonic smile) is a highly characteristic, abnormal, sustained spasm of the facial muscles that appears to produce grinning.
The name of the condition derives from the appearance of raised eyebrows and an open "grin" - which can appear malevolent to the lay observer - displayed by those suffering from these muscle spasms.
Causes
It is most often observed as a sign of tetanus. Poisoning with strychnine may result in a risus sardonicus.
In 2009 scientists at the University of Eastern Piedmont in Italy claimed to have identified hemlock water dropwort (Oenanthe crocata) as the plant responsible for producing the sardonic grin. This plant is the most-likely candidate for the "sardonic herb," which was a neurotoxic plant used for the ritual killing of elderly people in pre-Roman Sardinia.
In popular culture
The condition was the inspiration behind the 1981 track Sardonicus by UB40, on their album, Present Arms. The song has strong political linkages with false smiles.
Arthur Conan Doyle's hero Sherlock Holmes uses the term to describe the facial distortion of the murder victim Bartholomew Sholto in his story The Sign of the Four.
Risus Sardonicus is also known as the Hippocratic Smile
In various Batman comics The Joker often kills his victims with toxins that induce Risus Sardonicus.
Find out how to eat and exercise for lower cholesterol, learn easy, effortless ways to lower your cholesterol and get the facts on cholesterol supplements, statins and other cholesterol medication.
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Heart disease is the No. 1 killer among both men and women. And about half of all adults in America have cholesterol levels that are too high. Take our quiz to test your knowledge about cholesterol, and get tips on how to improve your diet, exercise, and other factors that can affect your heart disease risk.
Hype about immune boosters can end up putting a real pinch your wallet. Here are tips you can bank on.
By Christopher Woolston
1. Go nuts for E. Immune cells can’t function without proper nutrition, says Simin Meydani, PhD, director of the USDA Human Nutrition Research Center at Tufts University. "In an outbreak, a deficiency of nutrients can be as dangerous as not washing your hands," she says. But many people don't get enough vitamin E, a proven immune enhancer, says Patricia Sheridan, PhD, at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. You need at least 15 mg of E daily, she says, which you can get in a generous handful of almonds (7 mg of E per ounce). The elderly and people with weakened immune systems may need a supplement of 200 mg of E, Meydani believes.
Most people don't get enough vitamin E, a proven immune enhancer.
In her study of nursing home residents, supplementing with that amount cut the risk of colds and flu by about 20 percent. Don't take more, though: One highly publicized study suggested that high doses (400 mg per day or more) can increase the risk of death.
2. Don't stint on selenium. This trace mineral helps build immune system enzymes. Most people in the United States aren't deficient but could use a little extra to sharpen their immune systems, Sheridan says. She recommends about 55 micrograms, which you can get in a tuna sandwich.
3. Consider popping the "sunshine vitamin." Vitamin D is needed to produce certain germ-killing proteins (a recent study suggests that low levels raise the risk of respiratory infection by more than 35 percent). But many people fall short, says Michael Holick, MD, professor of medicine at Boston University. You can't get much vitamin D from food, so Holick recommends that adults supplement with 1,000 IU a day, plus a multivitamin containing another 400 IU.
4. Work out (but don’t burn out). Even a little exercise can wake up the immune system, says Thomas Lowder, PhD, at the University of Houston. (Exercise that wrecks you for days can actually make you more vulnerable, though.) In a 2006 study, women either exercised moderately five times a week or stretched once a week. By study's end, the exercisers were only one third as likely as the stretchers to be sniffling and sneezing. "Nobody can say for sure how much exercise it takes to improve the immune system," Lowder says. "But it's not much, and it happens very quickly."
Find out why getting fiber from whole foods is important for a healthy diet.
By Janis Graham
Fiber has never been what you’d call a sexy nutrient. Suddenly, it’s a superstar: Manufacturers are adding it to yogurt, juice, even artificial sweetener. But as with many celebrities, there’s an unseemly backstory: Experts aren’t sure that these fiber-boosted foods are worth trying.
Beans are an excellent source of fiber.
Yes, you should eat lots of fiber. There’s no question that a diet rich in high-fiber foods is a powerful lifesaver—it’s known to lower the risk of heart disease and diabetes, and it helps prevent weight gain. Recent studies show a fiber-rich diet cuts the risk of breast cancer, too, and the chances you’ll develop cancer of the small intestine.
But the new foods might not count. That’s because many of them use “isolated” fiber—stuff that’s been stripped out of the foods that originally contained it, says nutrition expert Tara Gidus, RD. Isolated fibers like inulin, polydextrose, and maltodextrin are flavorless and don’t turn juice and yogurt into a gummy, grainy glop. The downside: There’s no evidence that they protect against chronic diseases.
So go ahead and try a glass of fiber-boosted grape juice, or stir some fiber into your coffee along with your artificial sweetener. Just don’t forget to also eat more whole grains, beans, and fruits and veggies—they’re proven lifesavers.
Tastier Than You Think Not crazy about stewed prunes (4 g fiber per 1/2 cup)? Try these surprising high-fiber foods: 1 artichoke - 10 g 1 pear - 6g 1/2 cup raspberries - 4g 1/4 cup hummus - 4g
Excessive sweating is often painful and causes of fear of a person. There are many challenges related to the condition that more than physical suffering.
There are many opportunities for common sense, the problem of feeding the sweating is an important factor regarding the problem. A person should avoid drinking too much caffeine in coffee and soft drinks.
Caffeine is the poor condition because they can foster fear and more importantly, the hyper activity of the nervous system. Drink plenty of water every day to clean your system. Rejects water and regulates your body of toxins.
Food is another important point. Eat more fruits and vegetables in the integrated power plan. Try to remove excess sugar to improve their ability to reduce sweating. Always wear clothes, skin to breathe.
Loose clothing is best for your skin. The cotton fiber is good in the wet and warm wool in winter. Do not wear clothes close, the problem worse by sweating.
Bath and shave every day under the arms is a good exercise for this problem. Avoid red meat and strong smell of fish, as we know, increased sweating. Stress causes sweat to find an exercise to be done in a newspaper, work to reduce stress.
Walking is a simple and economic form of exercise. Practice of meditation and breathing to calm these factors contribute to an effective reduction of sweating to. Stress is often a great thing, like not forget this. If you have the common sense of these councils, improving their chances to reduce or control sweating.
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Men and women are different. They have different needs, different structures of the body and different levels of the hormone. Therefore, it is clear that the weight loss for women is at least something different from the weight loss for men.
While the principles that I recommend to all persons of weight loss are the same, to the extent that it will have positive effects on the individual depends on many things, including sex. Women can, for example, have more success using hormonal balance than men because they are more likely to suffer more estrogen dominant.
However, here are some simple principles of weight loss for women:
1. Drink more water - the water helps eliminate toxins and hydration, refreshing and replenishing your body's cells. More water means a cleaner and more efficient.
2. Balance your hormones - hormone imbalance affects all women to some extent. In terms of weight loss, I firmly believe that all women are much more the results using a natural hormone balancing method to do nothing. It should be a part of your weight loss and efforts to benefit more ways to enumerate here.
3. Suppression of your system - the parasites remain a problem for many people. The contracts are in contact with animals or travel abroad through consumption of contaminated water among many other ways. You can remove all the pests naturally through security and effective remedies rather than drugs.
4. Intelligent exercise - Do strength training and make sure your cardio is as high as you can handle.
5. Get your right to food - Avoid AGT and highly processed foods, such as eating near the source of raw food as possible.
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